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History
Historical Overview
History by Age
Stone Age: Before 1E 0
Copper Age: 1E 1-1E 2200
Bronze Age: 1E 2200-1E 4400
Iron Age: 2E 0-2E 700
Ancient Age: 2E 700-2E 2200
Middle Ages: 3E 0-3E 2050
Early Modern Age: 3E 2050-3E 2600
Industrial Age: 3E 2600-3E 2700
Machine Age: 3E 2700-3E 2800
Atomic Age: 3E 2800-3E 2850
Space Age: 3E 2850-3E 2875
Information Age: 3E 2875-3E 2900
Genetic Age: 3E 2950-3E 3000
Awakening Age: 3E 3000-3E 3415
Twilight Age: 4E 0-4E 500
Geography
The Baed Autumn Hills are a massive, temperate upland across the mid-latitudes of the Twilight Age world. In the most prominent contrast to the permanent, water-logged hollow of Awyer or the flat, rich plains of Avera, Baed is comprised of gentle slopes and extreme seasonality. It is a region held in exquisite balance between wide, rolling meadows and ancient deciduous woods. The hills are famous, above all else, for their extraordinary phenology, for the explosion of foliage, and for the stunning fiery descent of the forests prior to the winter frosts.
Topography and Geology
Geologically, the topography consists of a continuous, smooth sequence of rounded ridges separated by shallower vales, eroded over millions of years not by titanic tectonic uplifting, but rather by relentless fluvial erosion. The terrain here is gentle and forgiving: broad, smoothly sloped ridges give way to fertile dips, the narrow ravines gouged by rivers, and the rare, weathering-resistant limestone escarpments.
The region is founded upon ancient sedimentary rock – primarily sandstone and shale – overlain by thick, weathered soils and relict glacial deposits. Visible, though localized, scars of ancient glaciation are spread across the landscape in the forms of scattered, glacial erratics and low moraines, and shallow, kettle lakes and marshes mark the sides of the slopes, and contribute to numerous isolated, ephemeral wetlands. The regular oscillation of ridgeline and hollow creates a variety of varied terrain and a number of localized ecological niches.
Climate and Hydrography
Hydrologically, the upland region is watered by an extensive, meandered system of narrow streams and shallow rivers, supplied by moderate rainfall and groundwater springs from beneath the land. These pure rivers wander down the broad vales, supplying floodplains, numerous shallow lakes, and feeding ultimately into the broad, continent-spanning river systems of the world.
The climate is thoroughly temperate and highly seasonal. While warm, mild summers encourage robust vegetation growth, autumns define the region: as temperatures fall, the deciduous forest enters a mass senescence and dumps its leaf litter in the brilliant crimson, gold, and burnt orange hue that has drawn the eyes of the world for generations. Seasonal storms regularly buffet the exposed ridgelines, sending the leaves slithering and tumbling into the vales below, and heavy, radiation fogs routinely engulf the low hollows at dawn, providing distinct, and well-insulated micro-climates.
Traversability
While the terrain of the Baed Autumn Hills is incomparably more inviting than the sheer verticality of the western mountains or the quaking bogs of the south, long-distance travel across the region can be surprisingly tedious; the constant, smoothly alternating ridgelines and gullies discourage high-speed movement. Sustainable over-land routes trace the prominent ridgelines, the wider river corridors, and ancient animal paths, avoiding the extremely dense woods and deep seasonal mud that pool in the shaded, deeper parts of the valleys, and make Baed one of the most aesthetically pleasing and traversable regions known.
Plants
Hill Forest Flora (Deciduous Canopy Vegetation)
The plant life of the Baed Autumn Hills is abundant, diverse and intrinsically linked to the moderate climatic conditions and distinctive seasonal cycle prevalent across the landscape. Unlike the permanently saturated systems of Awyer or stable evergreen woodland of An Thierry, plant life in Baed is subject to constant annual change and renewal under the direction of the turning seasons. Vigorous spring and summer growth slowly yield to inevitable autumn decline, followed by winter dormancy and finally spring revitalization.
The predominate vegetation type across the hills is the deciduous woodland of the ridge lines and valley slopes of the elevated lands. Giant, wide-crowned broadleaf trees dominate the ridgelines of the hills, creating wide canopy structures across the entire slope as well as over the gently undulating and more sheltered upper lands. The trees display incredible transformation from green at the peak of the growing season to a vibrant display of scarlet, gold, orange, and amber in autumn as the days cool. The broad crowns collect vast amounts of sunlight during the spring and summer months before shedding them as leaf matter accumulates upon the forest floor in great, nutritious quantities.
The root structure of these trees extends deep and wide across and down through the weathered hillside soil, drawing moisture from deep groundwater reserves and providing it up through the woodland in abundance. The continually renewing forest floor becomes extremely fertile as leaf litter and decomposing organic matter pile higher and deeper, feeding the abundant understory vegetation.
Understory Flora (Shrubs, Ferns, and Woodland Growth)
Beneath the umbrella canopy of the broadleaf trees is a dense collection of low-growing shrubs, ferns, mosses, flowering plants, and vast amounts of fungi. Light varies immensely throughout the winter and spring, as the open, leafless canopy of the deciduous woods allows vast amounts of sunlight through in the spring months before they leaf out and then through in the late autumn before the leaf fall. Early spring woodland flowering plants take advantage of the brief, plentiful sunlight before the canopy fully regains its foliage, as the light that reaches the forest floor during the autumn months sustains only small, low-growing, shade tolerant flora, which grow in abundance over the rich woodland floor. Shrub, fern and moss growths are most obvious and prolific under the cool, moist shade conditions beneath the canopy after they are fully regrown for the summer and begin to shade the ground beneath their leaves, but the richest and densest forms of these woodland plants are in evidence after leaf-fall during and just before the spring regeneration of the woodland. Fungal networks and decomposing organic matter is very widespread across the woodland soil and in these underground systems trees and low growing plants are strongly linked.
Light-demanding flora dominate clearings in the woodland caused by falling trees or by storms, racing to occupy the open space before the gap in the canopy is once again shaded over by regrowth from the surrounding flora.
Valley and Riparian Flora (Meadows and Wetland Vegetation)
The valleys and lowlands of the Baed Autumn Hills support different and more moist-dependent ecosystems, with fertile soils to support extensive meadows and thick woodland where there is water or wet ground to feed it. Wide, smooth slopes of grass and flowering plants, or even extensive, rolling meadow, are common across the open valleys. Streams, ponds, and wetlands support rich, verdant plant growth including reeds, sedges, various flood tolerant woody and herbaceous plants along the streams and pond banks, which offer habitat to an impressive number of flora within the valleys due to the constant replenishment of moisture. Wetlands across the hills provide a brief but dense area of watery, wetland flora before seasonal evaporation returns them to a more meadow-like ecosystem. The valleys, especially the streams and rivers that flow through them, also form effective dispersal corridors, naturally scattering the seeds of plants across the land.
Seasonal Adaptations (Autumn Dormancy and Woodland Succession)
Vegetation within the Baed Autumn Hills is most strongly adapted to predictable, cyclical seasons, rather than extreme weather. The regeneration cycle forms the foundation of the entire woodland ecosystem. Before the leaf-fall in autumn the trees of the hills draw back much of the nutrients within their leaves, and the resulting litter covers the ground in an insulating, nutrient rich layer, which forms excellent food for the woodland's decomposer inhabitants, as well as greatly helping to retain the water within the soil for the dormant season. During the winter, trees are almost entirely dormant, though fungi and mosses continue to be active in places even when buried under snow and leaf litter. As the ground thaws with the spring sun and increasing rainfall, the trees reawaken and rapidly absorb all the water and nutrients they can find throughout the rich soil to initiate growth once again, starting the regeneration of the woods. The constantly renewed natural beauty of the woodland and meadows that occurs annually due to the predictable seasons is a significant characteristic of the Twilight Age world.
Animals
Hill Fauna (Ecotone & Upland Species)
Animal life in the Baed Autumn Hills is dictated by the relatively gentle, predictable seasonality of the region. Unlike the permanent drownings of Awyer or the lethal famine of Aughdan, Baed is home to a mature, relatively stable and highly interlinked terrestrial food web. Baed is characterized by its massive ecotones (highly productive boundary ecosystems between two or more communities) where the old-growth deciduous woodlands slowly bled into the rolling upland meadows.
These ecotones harbor enormous, highly mixed herds of both obligate grazing animals and opportunistic omnivores who migrate fluidly between timber and open field. Because the landscape offers varied terrains with short intervals between them, predators are remarkably adept at this ecosystem. They shift seamlessly between low-profile, ambush hunting within the woods and relatively short, highly effective pursuit attacks within the meadow system. The consistent, high biomass allows for relatively static, highly-defended apex predator territories centered on vital river crossings and ridgeline game trails rather than more frantic, desperate territorial migrations elsewhere in the continent.
Forest Interior Fauna (Deciduous Woodland Species)
The deep, ancient broadleaf forests are a highly stratified and structurally complex habitat. The arboreal animals use the dense, interlocking canopies of the trees as an elevated, safe highway for travel and reproduction. Below, in the dense shrubby understory and deep, soft leaf-mold soils lies an enormous community of burrowing animals and other terrestrial foragers which make extensive use of the dense ground cover for crypsis. The real foundation of the woodland ecosystem, however, is the leaf litter.
Enormous, annual leaf-fall covers the floor in a deep, insulating layer of organic matter and provides sustenance for an unfathomably large community of decomposers, mycophagists (fungi-eaters), and opportunistic scavengers. These creatures serve to steadily recycle nutrients back into the soil, forming the base of the woodland's trophic pyramid.
Riparian and Valley Fauna (Riverine & Meadow Species)
The winding, slow-moving rivers and sheltered, wide valley meadows form the biological backbone of the Baed Autumn Hills. They are rich in semi-aquatic grazers and waders and home to a multitude of specific riparian species. The floodplain meadows support extremely dense grazing populations which create enormous, river-centered herds whose movements funnel along these waterways. They thus provide predictable hunting grounds for predatory species. Semi-aquatic predators hunt aggressively from dense patches of marsh-reed, but rely on terrestrial prey coming to the water to drink. The rivers completely bisect the region and act as vast, unimpeded corridors for dispersal, allowing for widespread mixing of aquatic and semi-aquatic animal populations.
Behavioral Cycles (Phenology & Autumnal Caching)
Unlike the frantic, life-or-death migrations dictated by catastrophic river floods or endemic drought elsewhere, the behaviors of the fauna of the Baed Autumn Hills are largely dictated by the predictable cycles of phenology. Survival is not achieved by developing special physiological adaptations, but by meticulous preparation and meticulous planning based on predictable seasonal environmental cues. The primary marker for the shift in behaviors is autumnal. When the leaves of the canopy burn with massive senescence to create a blazing expanse of color across the forest, woodland fauna embark on a period of hyperphagia-a mad rush to gorging and prepare themselves for the winter with enormous fat deposits. Aggressive food hoarding becomes the primary survival behavior, with animals competing to gather caches of seeds and nuts before the freeze. While small burrowing animals employ true hibernation for the winter, the mild climate is sufficient for most of the larger ungulates and carnivores to largely remain active year-round, shifting their feeding strategies to the less exposed, less frigid hollows of the hills instead of more open, snowy ridgetops.
Historical Timeline of Ages
| Age Name | Dates | Controller |
|---|---|---|
| Stone Age | Before 1E 0 | Unknown |
| Copper Age | 1E 1–1E 2200 | Unknown |
| Bronze Age | 1E 2200–1E 4400 | Unknown |
| Iron Age | 2E 0–2E 700 | Unknown |
| Ancient Age | 2E 700–2E 2200 | Unknown |
| Middle Age | 3E 0–3E 2050 | Unknown |
| Early Modern Age | 3E 2050–3E 2600 | Unknown |
| Industrial Age | 3E 2600–3E 2700 | Unknown |
| Machine Age | 3E 2700–3E 2800 | Unknown |
| Atomic Age | 3E 2800–3E 2850 | Unknown |
| Space Age | 3E 2850–3E 2875 | Unknown |
| Information Age | 3E 2875–3E 2900 | Unknown |
| Genetic Age | 3E 2950–3E 3000 | Unknown |
| Awakening Age | 3E 3000–3E 3415 | Unknown |
| Twilight Age | 4E 0–4E 500 |